初一到初三的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

英語(yǔ)句子成分分七種：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)：句子的主體，全句述說(shuō)的對(duì)象。回答是“誰(shuí)”或者“什么”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句擔(dān)當(dāng)，位于句首。

初一到初三的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)

英語(yǔ)句子成分分七種：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

1、主語(yǔ)：句子的主體，全句述說(shuō)的對(duì)象。回答是“誰(shuí)”或者“什么”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句擔(dān)當(dāng)，位于句首。

如：The boy needs a pen.

Smoking is bad for you = To smoke is bad for you

2、謂語(yǔ)：說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。回答“做(什么)”。由動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)擔(dān)任，常置于主語(yǔ)后。

如：The train leaves at 6 o’clock.

She is reading.

3、賓語(yǔ)：表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。回答做的是“什么”。一般由名詞或代詞擔(dān)當(dāng)，常置于謂語(yǔ)后。

如：He won the game.

He likes playing computer.

注意：

（1）有些及物動(dòng)詞帶有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ),一個(gè)指物（直接賓語(yǔ)）,一個(gè)指人（間接賓語(yǔ)）。

間接賓語(yǔ)一般放在直接賓語(yǔ)前面。

如：He wrote me a letter . (他給我寫了一封信)

（2）有時(shí)可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語(yǔ)前構(gòu)成短語(yǔ),放在直接賓語(yǔ)后面,來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語(yǔ)。

如：He wrote a letter to me . (他給我寫了一封信)

4、表語(yǔ)：用以表述主語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。回答是“什么”或者“怎么樣”。一般由名詞或形容詞擔(dān)任，置于系動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞之后。

如：He is a student. We are tired.

注意：除了be 系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞，

（1）表感官的動(dòng)詞: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。

（2）表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞: become, get, grow, turn, go等。

（3）表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。

5、定語(yǔ)：對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。

如：The black bike is mine.（形容詞）

The boy in blue is Jim.（介詞短語(yǔ)）

I have nothing to do today.（動(dòng)詞不定式）

注意：

（1）當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞如：nothing , anything , everything , something等時(shí)，定語(yǔ)要放在其后作后置定語(yǔ)。例如： I tell him something interesting.

（2）不定式、短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。

例如：The boys who are in the room are playing games.

6、狀語(yǔ)：用以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞及全句，通常由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞等擔(dān)任位置靈活。

（1）修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前；

如：I am very sorry.

（2）表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首。

如：In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.

They are writing English in the classroom.

（3）一些表示不確定時(shí)間（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。

如：We often help him.

He is always late for class.

7、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)怎么樣或干什么,。由n./adj./介賓/分詞/不定式等擔(dān)任。常位于賓語(yǔ)后。

如：He made me sad.（形容詞）

She asks me to take an umbrella.（不定式）

The war made him a soldier.（名詞）

I find him at home.（介詞短語(yǔ)）

I saw a cat running along the wall.（分詞）

8、同位語(yǔ)：通常緊跟在名詞、代詞后面,進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明它的情況, 它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)。

如：Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.

I myself will do the experiment.

She is the oldest among them six.

初中英語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)

一.賓語(yǔ)從句的定義

置于動(dòng)詞、介詞等詞性后面起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序必須是陳述語(yǔ)序。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、介詞、動(dòng)詞不定式，v.-ing形式后面都能帶賓語(yǔ)從句。有些形容詞(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句。

二.賓語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞的用法

在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞有：

連詞：that (that 常可省略),whether, if 。代詞：who, whose, what ,which 。副詞：when ,where, how, why 等。(一)that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(在非正式場(chǎng)合that可以省略)

可跟that從句做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。

例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.

注意事項(xiàng)：當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等詞，而賓語(yǔ)從句的意思是否定時(shí)，常把否定轉(zhuǎn)移至主句表示。

例句：I don't think it is right for him to treat you like that.

在以下情況中that不能省略

1當(dāng)句中的動(dòng)詞后接多于兩個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可省，但后面的that不可省。

例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.

2當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與that賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，that一般不可省。

例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.

3當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that不可省。

例句：I can't tell him that his mother died.

注意事項(xiàng)：許多帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子，that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。

例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.